By mid-century, the dogs had increased in popularity within Europe, even winning the hearts of those like Queen Victoria and writer Charles Dickens.
Another famous writer, Ernest Hemingway, had become smitten with the Havanese when he lived outside Havana between 1940 and 1960. When Cuba became a communist country under Fidel Castro in 1959, it prompted wealthy Cubans to flee to the United States with their Havanese dogs, where they and Americans maintained the breed.
The Havanese finally became recognized by the AKC in 1996.