Presumably, the breed was created using the short-haired shepherd dogs, the Rottweiler, the black and tan terrier, and the smooth-haired German pinscher.
Dobermann did not manage to complete the breeding work, and after his death, Otto Geller, who is rightfully considered the “father of Dobermans”, continued to work with the breed.
Dobermans are a dog that most amazingly combines high intelligence and devotion, fearlessness and vigilance, strength and grace.